Ni⁰
d¹⁰
18 e⁻
Td
sp³
Mond 1890
CO
LC₅₀=7ppm
tetraedrik
🧪Formula
[Ni(CO)₄]
⚖️M massa
170.73 g/mol
💎Geometriya
Tetraedrik (Td)
🎨Holati
Rangsiz suyuqlik
⚛️Elektronlar
18 e⁻ (qoida)
📋
Asosiy ma'lumotlar
CAS raqami
13463-39-3
Zichlik
1.318 g/cm³ (22°C)
Qaynash harorati
43°C
Suyuqlanish harorati
-19.3°C
Bug' bosimi
390 mm Hg (22°C)
Dipol moment
0 D (Td simmetrik)
Simmetriya
Td (tetraedrik)
Rangi
Rangsiz
☠️ JUDA ZAHARLI! — Eng yuqori darajadagi xavf
⚠️ Toksiklik
- • TLV-TWA: 0.05 ppm (0.12 mg/m³)
- • LC₅₀: 7 ppm/30min (kalamush) — juda past!
- • Ta'sir mexanizmi: CO ajralib chiqadi → gemoglobin bilan bog'lanadi
- • Ni²⁺: kanserogen (IARC Group 1)
- • Himoya: To'liq himoya kiyimi, respirator
🔥 Fizik xavflar
- • Juda yonuvchan: alangalanish harorati -22°C
- • Bug'lari: havodan og'ir (5.9×), pastga yig'iladi
- • Portlash: havo bilan portlovchi aralashma
- • Parchalanish: Ni + 4CO (60°C+ da)
- • Saqlash: inert atmosferada, sovuq
✅ Asosiy xulosalar
💎 Tetraedrik geometriya: Td simmetriya, 4 ta ekvivalent CO
⚛️ 18 elektron: Ni⁰ (d¹⁰) + 4×2 = 18 → juda barqaror
🔗 Sinergik bog'lanish: σ-donatsiya + π-backbonding
🏭 Mond jarayoni: Ni tozalash (99.99% sof nikel)
🔬 FTIR: bitta cho'qqi (2057 cm⁻¹) — Td simmetriya
☠️ Juda zaharli: LC₅₀ = 7 ppm — eng xavfli metall karbonil